Federalism in India

Simple Explanation

Overview

Indian federalism combines a strong Union with state autonomy. It reflects unity in diversity and helps govern a large and diverse country.

Articles / Provisions

Key constitutional references

• Seventh Schedule
• Articles 245 to 263

Core Notes

Key points

• Powers are divided between Union, State and Concurrent Lists.
• India has a strong Centre compared to many classical federations.
• Federalism is part of the Basic Structure.
• Cooperative federalism requires coordination between Union and States.
• Fiscal federalism involves tax sharing, grants and Finance Commission recommendations.

Prelims Focus

Prelims pointers

• The Seventh Schedule contains Union, State and Concurrent Lists.
• Residuary powers lie with the Union.
• Inter-State Council is provided under Article 263.

Mains Focus

Mains angles

• Use federalism in answers on diversity, governance, GST, disaster management and Centre-State relations.
• Discuss cooperative and competitive federalism with examples.

Practice

Practice questions

1. 1Indian federalism is federal in structure but unitary in spirit. Discuss.
2. 2Explain the importance of cooperative federalism in contemporary governance.